Emergency
contraception (EC), or emergency postcoital contraception, is a birth control measure
that may be used after sexual intercourse to prevent pregnancies. Emergency contraception
pill is a form of this method. Other forms include use of an intrauterine
device.
Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs)
or “morning-after pill"—are
drugs intended to disrupt or delay ovulation or fertilization, which are
necessary for pregnancy.
ECPs and "abortion pills"
are not the same. ECPs work by preventing or delaying ovulation and therefore
preventing pregnancy, not by abortion.
Progestin-only emergency
contraceptive pills (postinor is an example) contain levonorgestrel, either as
a single tablet or as a split dose of two tablets taken 12 hours apart,
effective up to 72 hours (some report within 120 hours) after intercourse as
emergency birth control. It becomes less effective the longer after sex and
only works before pregnancy has occurred.
If a woman vomits within
2 hours of taking a levonorgestrel-only ECP, she should take a further dose as
soon as possible.
Common side effects
include nausea, breast tenderness, headaches, increased, decreased, or irregular
menstrual bleeding, abdominal pain, fatigue and dizziness. Side effects usually
do not occur for more than a few days after treatment, and they generally
resolve within 24 hours.
It is safe to use during
breastfeeding.
Levonorgestrel
containing birth control pills does not change the risk of sexually transmitted
infections (only condoms do this).
The primary mechanism of
action of levonorgestrel according to International Federation of Gynecology
and Obstetrics (FIGO), is to prevent fertilization by inhibition of ovulation
and thickening of the mucosa of cervix
The World Health Organization has
established levonorgestrel as the gold standard in hormonal emergency contraception
(EC). However, changes have been observed in menstrual patterns following intake
of levonorgestrel.
Changes in menstrual patterns
following EC use can be a source of concern and confusion for users, some of
whom tend to misinterpret the occurrence of menstrual bleeding as a sign that
treatment has been effective. Approved product information for levonorgestrel
EC recommends performing a pregnancy test in the event that users’ next
menstrual period is five or more days late. Taking levonorgestrel early in the
menstrual cycle (two or more days before expected ovulation) is associated
with a shortened cycle length and incident intermenstrual bleeding (bleeding
before your date), while taking it later in the menstrual cycle (two or more
days after expected ovulation), on the other hand, tends to prolong the
menstrual cycle. Generally, there is a slight increase in menstrual cycle
length; this is why you should get a pregnancy test if your next menses is
delayed by more than five days.
powerful guide to postinor usage.
Due to the increasing
severity of side effects with frequent use, postinor is only recommended for
women who have intercourse four or fewer times per month. If you have
intercourse more times, i suggest you get a method of contraception that last
longer; Jadelle or Implanon are good choices (check out my post on family
planning).
ECPs are generally
recommended for backup or "emergency" use, rather than as the primary
means of contraception. They are intended for use when other means of
contraception have failed—for example, if a woman has forgotten to take a birth
control pill or when a condom is torn during sex. Do not take these pills as a
routine.
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